When Peter Gardner first encountered some Paliyans, they were shy and friendly—but put off by his direct questioning. In order to relax the situation, he started quietly observing and taking notes. It worked. The Paliyans warmed up to him when they observed that he was trying to learn as their own children did—by quiet observation—and […]

Shamanism is an active part of daily Paliyan life, according to a 1991 journal article by Peter M. Gardner that has just been added to the Archive of the Peaceful Societies website. Their gods, called samis, are frequently summoned to come into the villages to provide personal healing, advice about stressful situations, or solutions to […]

An exciting article by Peter M. Gardner about attitudes of respect—and actions of disrespect—in two different Paliyan communities has just been added to the Archive in this website. Gardner explores several themes in his 2000 journal article, including a comparison of the actual incidents of conflict and violence between the two communities. The Paliyans of […]

An exciting article by Peter M. Gardner about attitudes of respect—and actions of disrespect—in two different Paliyan communities has just been added to the Archive in this website. Gardner explores several themes in his 2000 journal article, including a comparison of the actual incidents of conflict and violence between the two communities. The Paliyans of […]